Endocrine Abstracts

Introduction: With increasing prevalence of hypogonadism, testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) remains the mainstay of treatment for male hypogonadism. Polycythaemia, the commonest reported side effect of TRT is often claimed to be less with transdermal preparations than intramuscular.Case history: A 48 years gentleman, initially presented in primary care with reduced libido, erectile dysfunction(ED), low energy levels. Early morning testosterone level...

Introduction: DKA is often seen in people with Diabetes Mellitus I and seldom in Diabetes Mellitus II but rarely seen in Maturity Onset Diabetes of Young (MODY) and even more rare in association with SGLT2i.Case history: 44 years female, genetically confirmed Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1 alpha (HNF1A) MODY since 2004 initially treated with maximum doses of metformin and gliclazide and then lost to follow-up. GP initiated Empagliflozin a year before presen...

Introduction: Commonest causes of pancreatitis are alcohol and gallstones but less common causes like hypertriglyceridemia should also be considered as management may differ.Case history: 47 years old gentleman with history of pancreatitis and hyperlipidaemia type1 taking atorvastatin and bezafibrate, admitted with severe abdominal pain and vomiting. He was non-smoker and non-drinker. No history of cholelithiasis or medications causing pancreatitis. He w...

Thyroid hormone and TSH levels change during pregnancy yet most laboratories use reference ranges derived from subjects who are not pregnant and male. Does this lead to an underestimation of thyroid disorders in pregnancy?We have derived our own reference range for Free T4 and TSH levels in pregnancy. The hormones were measured in 82 euthyroid mothers at booking and 68 at 28 weeks of pregnancy. Mean (95%CI: reference range of +2SD) FT4 levels were...